Teror Putih di Rusia merujuk kepada kekerasan terorganisir yang dilakukan oleh Tentara Putih pada Perang Saudara Rusia (1917â23). Teror tersebut dimulai setelah Bolshevik merebut kekuasaan pada November 1917, dan berlanjut sampai kekalahan Tentara Putih di tangan Tentara Merah. Tentara Putih mendapatkan dukungan dari Tiga Entente dan melawan Tentara Merah demi kekuasaan, yang melancarkan Teror Merah-nya sendiri. Menurut beberapa sejarawan Rusia, Teror Putih adalah sebuah serangkaian aksi yang diperintah oleh para pemimpin mereka,[1][2][3] meskipun pandangan tersebut ditantang oleh sejarawan lainnya.
Lihat pula
- Teror Merah
- Perintah Penggantungan oleh Lenin
- Bencana kelaparan Rusia 1921â22
- Terorisme dan Uni Soviet
- Antisemitisme di Ukraina
Referensi
Catatan
- ^ ЦвеÑков Ð. Ð. ÐелÑй ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ â пÑеÑÑÑпление или наказание? ÐволÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑдебно-пÑавовÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ñм оÑвеÑÑÑвенноÑÑи за гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе пÑеÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² законодаÑелÑÑÑве белÑÑ Ð¿ÑавиÑелÑÑÑв в 1917â1922 гг.
- ^ Ð. ÐиÑвин. ÐÑаÑнÑй и белÑй ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ 1918â1922. â Ð.: ÐкÑмо, 2004
- ^ "ТеÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð¹ аÑмии. ÐодбоÑка докÑменÑов". ÐÐЩÐСТÐÐ ÐТÐÐСТÐÐ (Atheist Society).
Daftar pustaka
- Bisher, Jamie. White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian (Routledge, 2006)[1][2]
- Bortnevski, Viktor G. "White Administration and White Terror (The Denikin Period)." Russian Review (1993): 354-366. in JSTOR
- Holquist, Peter. "Violent Russia, Deadly Marxism? Russia in the Epoch of Violence, 1905-21." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History (2003) 4#3 pp: 627-652. online
- Lincoln, W. Bruce. Red victory: A history of the Russian Civil War (Da Capo Press, 1989)
- Mawdsley, Evan. The Russian Civil War (Pegasus Books, 2007)
- Mayer, Arno J. (2002). The Furies: Violence and Terror in the French and Russian Revolutions. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBNÂ 0-691-09015-7.
- Novikova, Liudmila G. "Russia's Red Revolutionary and White Terror, 1917â1921: A Provincial Perspective." Europe-Asia Studies (2013) 65#9 pp: 1755-1770.
- Sanborn, Joshua. "The genesis of Russian warlordism: Violence and governance during the First World War and the Civil War." Contemporary European History (2010) 19#3 pp: 195-213.
Dalam bahasa Rusia
- Ð. ÐиÑвин. ÐÑаÑнÑй и белÑй ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ 1918â1922. â Ð.: ÐкÑмо, 2004 [revised second edition; first edition published 1995][A. Litvin. Red and White Terror of 1918-1922. Eksmo, 2004] (Rusia)
- д. и. н. ЦвеÑков Ð. Ð. ÐелÑй ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ â пÑеÑÑÑпление или наказание? ÐволÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑдебно-пÑавовÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ñм оÑвеÑÑÑвенноÑÑи за гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе пÑеÑÑÑÐ¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² законодаÑелÑÑÑве белÑÑ Ð¿ÑавиÑелÑÑÑв в 1917â1922 гг. [Tsvetkov, J. White Terror - Crime or Punishment? The evolution of judicial and legal norms of responsibility for crimes against the state in the legislation the White governments in 1917-1922.](Rusia)
- Ð. С. РаÑÑковÑкий. ÐÑаÑнÑй ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¸ деÑÑелÑноÑÑÑ ÐЧРв 1918 годÑ. СÐб.: Ðзд-во С.-ÐеÑеÑб. Ñн-Ñа, 2006. [Ratkovsky, IS. The Red Terror and the Activities of The Cheka in 1918. Izd-vo c.Peterb. un-ta, 2006. ISBN 5-288-03903-8.](Rusia)
- Ð. Ð. ÐолÑб. ÐелÑй ÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð² РоÑÑии (1918â1920 гг.). Ð.: ÐаÑÑиоÑ, 2006. 479 Ñ. ISBN 5-7030-0951-0. [Golub, P. White Terror in Russia (1918â1920 years). Moscow: Patriot, 2006. ISBN 5-7030-0951-0.5-7030-0951-0.](Rusia)
- Ðимина Ð. Ð. Ðелое дело взбÑнÑовавÑейÑÑ Ð Ð¾ÑÑии: ÐолиÑиÑеÑкие ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼Ñ ÐÑажданÑкой войнÑ. 1917â1920 гг. Ð.: РоÑ. гÑманиÑ. Ñн-Ñ, 2006. 467 Ñ (СеÑ. ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ памÑÑÑ) [Zimin, VD. Whites in Russia: Political regimes of the Civil War. 1917-1920. Humanitarian. Univ, 2006. ISBN 5-7281-0806-7](Rusia)
Bacaan tambahan
- Viktor G. Bortnevski (July 1993), "White Administration and White Terror (The Denikin Period)", Russian Review, 52 (3), hlm. 354â366
- ^ Jamie Bisher (16 January 2006). White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian. Routledge. ISBNÂ 978-1-135-76596-5.
- ^ Jamie Bisher (2005). White Terror: Cossack Warlords of the Trans-Siberian. Psychology Press. ISBNÂ 978-0-7146-5690-8.